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| 1
800 BC - 0 |
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As indicated by the name, metals
are now being introduced to Finnmark. Still, the absolute
majority of tools continues to be made of stone, antler,
bone and wood. The presence of metals testify of people
in Finnmark getting involved in trade- and social
relations with people in distant areas. Archaeologically
speaking, the knowledge about the interior areas of
Finnmark in this period is far more extensive than
what is the case for the earlier periods. During the
Early Metal Age the interior seems to have become
more intensively utilized.
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| Climate |
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The rising of the
land continues in the same pace as in the Late Stone
Age. The climate is continually getting co lder during
Early Metal Age, and the period 1000-500 BC is the
coldest period. The withdrawal of the pineforests
from the coasts continue, and this has profound cosequenses
for the wildlife. Animals with the forest as their
natural habitat, like elk and bear, come to have their
distribution farther to the south. The migrational
patterns of the reindeer as we know it from historical
times, with summer grazing along the coast and winter
grazing in the interior, is probably established during
this period. This opens for more strategically planning
of the reindeerhunt. The climatic worsening further
led to longer freezing of the fjords, which may have
had consequenses for the hunting of seamammals in
the spring, and therefore also the seasonal movement
of settlement.
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| Tools |
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The
slatetools loose their dominant position in the Early
Metal Age. Instead the artefacts are produced in finegrained
lithic materials, such as quartz and quartzite. During
the period the pressure flaking technique grows to be
dominant, where arrowheads and spearheads are made by
removing small flakes until the piece has reached its
desired shape. Ceramics grinded with asbestos, decorated
with imprints of textile, or combpatterns and lines,
are characteristic of the period. Good conditions of
preservation, specially in the Varangerfjord, is the
cause for expanded knowledge about tools made of antler
and bone. Longbones and antler of reindeer are quite
common as rawmaterial for these tools. While tools of
bronze and copper were relatively rare until 1000 BC,
they are more frequent in the later half of Early Metal
Age. In some areas iron is being used.
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| Settlement |
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During
this period, a heterogen usage of ceramics in Finnmark
develops. Absence of marked variation in shape and decoration
of ceramics indicates that the dichotomy between inland
and coast, which was present during the transition from
Younger Stone Age to Early Metal Age, is disappearing.
Seasonal movement between inland and coast is again
common. While the inland to a larger degree is utilized,
the large sunken-floored dwellings at the coast are
far more rare now than earlier. The dwellings are now
smaller and have a lighter construction. This probably
implies less sedentarity and increased movement between
several smaller settlements.
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| At
Melkøya |
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